HTML

HTML wraps content in tags, such as <h1> for the main heading, <a> for a link and <form> for a form, and the browser turns that markup into a page. Strictly it is a markup language rather than a programming language: it says what each piece of content is, while CSS decides how it looks and JavaScript makes it respond.

Choosing the right element (semantic HTML such as <nav>, <main>, <button> and <label>) matters more than it looks. Screen readers, search engines, keyboard navigation and reader modes all depend on it, and a real <button> works with the keyboard for free where a styled <div> does not. HTML is a living standard maintained by WHATWG, so features such as dialogs and lazy-loaded images arrive without big numbered versions.